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General Information about Oceanography |
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 | Oceanography (compound of the Greek words ωκεανός meaning "ocean" and γράφω meaning "to write"), also called oceanology or marine science, is the branch of Earth science that studies the ocean. It covers a wide range of topics, including marine organisms and ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and the geology of the sea floor; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries. These diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers blend to further knowledge of the world ocean and understanding of processes within it: biology, chemistry, geology, meteorology, and physics. The study of oceanography is divided into a number of branches: Data derived from the work of Oceanographers is used in marine engineering, in the design and building of oil platforms, ships, harbours, and other structures that allow us to use the ocean safely. Man first began to acquire knowledge of the waves and currents of the seas and oceans in pre-historic times. Observations on tides are recorded by Aristotle and Strabo. Early modern exploration of the oceans was primarily for cartography and mainly limited to its surfaces and of the creatures that fishermen brought up in nets, though depth soundings by lead line were taken. Although Juan Ponce de Leon in 1513 first identified the Gulf Stream, and the current was well-known to mariners, Benjamin Franklin made the first scientific study of it and gave it its name. Franklin measured water temperatures during several Atlantic crossings and correctly explained the Gulf Stream's cause. Franklin and Timothy Folger printed the first map of the Gulf Stream in 1769-1770. As first superintendent of the United States Naval Observatory (1842–1861) Matthew Fontaine Maury devoted his time to the study of marine meteorology, navigation, and charting prevailing winds and currents. His Physical Geography of the Sea, 1855 was the first textbook of oceanography. Many nations sent oceanographic observations to Maury at the Naval Observatory, where he and his colleagues evaluated the information and gave the results worldwide distribution. In 1871, under the recommendations of the Royal Society of London, the British government sponsored an expedition to explore world's oceans and conduct scientific investigations. Under that sponsorship the Scots Charles Wyville Thompson and Sir John Murray launched the Challenger expedition (1872–1876). The results of this were published in 50 volumes covering biological, physical and geological aspects. 4417 new species were discovered. Oceanographic institutes dedicated to the study of oceanography were founded. In the United States, these included the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in 1892, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1930, Virginia Institute of Marine Science in 1938, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, and the School of Oceanography at University of Washington. In Britain, there is a major research institution: National Oceanography Centre, Southampton which is the successor to the Institute of Oceanography. In Australia, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, known as CMAR, is a leading center. In 1921 the International Hydrographic Bureau (IHB) was formed in Monaco. |
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HowTo ... ... about Oceanography |
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How to Get an Oceanography Internship :
How to Get an Oceanography Internship. Finding a good internship is one of the most important things you can do to prepare yourself to find a job in oceanography, whether you are ...
eHow
How to Get Your Feet Wet in Oceanography :
How to Get Your Feet Wet in Oceanography. Oceanography is a fascinating scientific discipline, whose subject is 70% of our planet's surface. Unfortunately, its wonder is not ...
eHow
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Popular questions about Oceanography |
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What can you do with an Environmental Sciences major?
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Okay, so - my main goal is to do something to help the world/people/animals (like many people!) I considered becoming a doctor, but I am not sure that's for me. (Making decisions is not my strong point!) So, I have considered an environmental sc
Yahoo Answers
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Other Authored Articles about Oceanography |
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Monterey Beachside Hotels
Monterey is one of the attractive coastal cities situated in California and it is the state capital of California. The state is home to the Defense Language Institute, the Naval Postgraduate School, t...
Family Holiday in Algarve, Portugal
With about 200km of coastline washed by the Atlantic Ocean, Algarve is one of Portugal's most sought after holiday destinations. Algarve boasts about 100 sandy beaches in one of the most unpolluted ar...
Monterey Beachside Hotels
Situated on the coast of Central California, the city of Monterey is the favorite tourist destination for Oceanside retreats or romantic getaways. Monterey is home to a thriving industry and is also h...
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Entry: Oceanography Noun- Semantic (n) - oceanography, oceanology (the branch of science dealing with physical and biological aspects of the oceans)
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General Web listings about Oceanography |
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oceanography: Definition from Answers.com
oceanography n. The exploration and scientific study of the ocean and its phenomena. ... The traditional basis of modern oceanography is the hydrographic station. ...
http://www.answers.com/topic/oceanography
Oceanography Society, The
Founded in 1988 to disseminate knowledge of oceanography and its application through research and education.
http://www.tos.org/
ScienceDaily: Oceanography News
Oceanography news. Learn about ocean currents, coastal erosion, sea level rising and other topics in physical oceanography. ... Oceanography. King Crab Family ...
http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/earth_climate/oceanography/
Oceanography: Home
Oceanography magazine contains peer-reviewed articles that chronicle all aspects ... In addition, Oceanography solicits and publishes news and information, meeting ...
http://www.tos.org/oceanography/index.html
How to Get Your Feet Wet in Oceanography : eHow.com
How to article - how to get your feet wet in oceanography. Oceanography is a fascinating scientific discipline, whose subject is 70% of our planet's surface...
http://www.ehow.com/how_2131190_feet-wet-oceanography.html
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Photos about Oceanography |
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Videos about Oceanography |
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Latest News about Oceanography |
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Sharks on the menu at meet
DOHA - FOUR rapidly dwindling shark species prized in Asia for fins and in Europe for meat will be swimming against the current at a UN wildlife trade meet days after an attempt to protect tuna was crushed.
9 hours ago - Straits Times
Rapid Response Oceanographic Expedition Dispatched To Chile Earthquake Site
Scientists seize rare opportunity to map one of largest quakes in recorded historyScientists funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and affiliated with the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) at the University of California at San Diego are undertaking an expedition to explore the rupture site of the 8.8-magnitude Chilean earthquake....
1 day ago - redOrbit
World Policymakers Have Underestimated Climate-Change Impacts, Says Expert
Charles H. Greene, Cornell professor of Earth and atmospheric science, and colleagues have published in the peer-reviewed journal Oceanography (March 2010). The scientists conclude that the United Nation's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007 4th assessment report underestimates the potential dangerous impacts that man-made climate...
1 day ago - Newswise
NSF dispatches rapid response oceanographic expedition to Chile earthquake site
( National Science Foundation ) Scientists funded by the National Science Foundation and affiliated with the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) at the University of California at San Diego are undertaking an expedition to explore the rupture site of the 8.8-magnitude Chilean earthquake.
1 day ago - EurekAlert!
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Job listings about Oceanography |
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Staff Scientist
I do not wish to provide a job location, Position: Staff ScientistLocation: VAExperience: 4+ yearsEducation: BS Position Description Seeking a bright, energetic individual for scientific and technical work focused on applied hydrodynamics problems concerning flows along rivers, estuaries and coastlines. The successful candidate will be ...
Monster
Oceanographer - Chief Programmer - Satellite - Infrared - PV-Wave - IDL - FORTRAN - C - AR...
Satellite, Infrared, Remote Sensing, PV-Wav, IDL, FORTRAN, ARC/INFO, ARCView, C, Perl, oceanography, coral reef, multi-spectral remote sensing Recruiter Reggie Landicho Date
Hotjobs
Ops Sr Program Manager (005798:FCD)
MD-Camp Springs, Position SummaryWill plan, staff, budget, and direct major projects/programs to ensure the timely delivery of contractual commitments to clients. Defines task, resources and time required for quality service delivery. Through analysis and technical expertise identifies and pursues new opportunities or approaches. Is responsible for...
Monster
Senior Marine Technician (2010-2011)
employed in multi-discipline (Marine Geology and Geophysics, Physical Oceanography, Marine Chemistry, Marine Biology) oceanographic work. Assists the Marine Project Coordinator
Hotjobs
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